3D bioprinted multifunctional GelMA/TMP scaffold integrated with neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and neural progenitor cells for spinal cord injury repair.
Liu Y., Kim G., Kim JY., Park JM., Song DH., Lee JK.
Laboratory Study on Spinal Cord Injury, Neuroinflammation, Immune Modulation, published in J Tissue Eng (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.
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- Study type
- Laboratory Study
- Journal
- J Tissue Eng (2026)
- Country
- England
- Reported sample size
- —
- PMID
- 41797979
- DOI
- 10.1177/20417314261425659
Abstract (original English)
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts neural architecture through a cascade of inflammatory, vascular, and glial responses that collectively create a regenerative deadlock. Overcoming this complex, temporally evolving pathology requires the coordinated delivery of structural, cellular, and biochemical cues. Here, we present a 3D bioprinted multifunctional scaffold composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs). This combinatorial construct mimics essential features of the neural niche and orchestrates reparative processes across multiple levels. Compared to adipose-derived EVs, NSC-EVs demonstrated a superior cytokine and neurotrophic profile that enhanced angiogenesis and neuronal differentiation. In vitro, the integrated scaffold promoted NPC survival, neurogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulation. In a complete transection rat SCI model, the scaffold supported locomotor recovery by reducing cystic cavitation, facilitating axonal regeneration and remyelination, preserving parenchymal integrity, and attenuating neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that integrated, multimodal interventions can modulate the hostile post-injury microenvironment and stimulate endogenous repair mechanisms, offering a clinically translatable paradigm for SCI regeneration.
What this study does not prove
- • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
- • This is preclinical work; animal or laboratory results cannot be applied to humans.
Evidence level
Evidence comes from animal or laboratory studies and has not been confirmed in humans.
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- 2023
- n = 52
Neural Regen Res