3D bioprinted white adipose model for in vitro study of cancer-associated cachexia induced adipose tissue remodeling

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a complex metabolic and behavioral syndrome with multiple manifestations that involve systemic inflammation, weight loss, and adipose lipolysis. It impacts the quality of life of patients and is the direct cause of death in 20%-30% of cancer patients. The severity of fat loss and adipose tissue remodeling negatively correlate with patients' survival outcomes. To address the mechanism of fat loss and design potential approaches to prevent the process, it will be essential to understand CAC pathophysiology through white adipose tissue models. In the present study, an engineered human white adipose tissue (eWAT) model based on three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting was developed and induced with pancreatic cancer cell-conditioned medium (CM) to mimic the status of CAC in vitro . We found that the CM induction significantly increased the lipolysis and accumulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The 3D eWATs were further vascularized to study the influence of vascularization on lipolysis and CAC progression, which was largely unknown. Results demonstrated that CM induction improved the angiogenesis of vascularized eWATs (veWATs), and veWATs demonstrated decreased glycerol release but increased UCP1 expression, compared to eWATs. Many unique inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, CXCL-1, GM-CSF, etc) from the CM were detected and supposed to contribute to e

Evidence level

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

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