3D bioprinting lobule-like hepatorganoids with induced vascularization for orthotopic implantation

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Orthotopic implantation in vivo is the ultimate target of tissue-engineering organoids research, aiming to achieve sustaining survival after implantation. However, the limited representation of a complex microenvironment in implanted accepter hampers a comprehensive understanding of long-term maintenance of tissue-engineering organoids, especially in liver. In this research, we developed a 3D bioprinting method using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to fabricate lobule-like hepatorganoids, which faithfully mimic the structure of hepatic lobules with lower level of hypoxia (lobule vs 60°, 90°, control; 0.4880 vs 1.009, 0.6778, 0.8704; p in vivo , with elevated level of serological biomarkers and more abundant vascularization in grafts. Eventually, our findings demonstrate that this system effectively forms orthotopic implantation of hepatorganoids and facilitates vascularization, which may notably contribute to the understanding of transplantation, drug screening, and replacement therapy.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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