3D-printed advanced scaffold armed with exosomes derived from human skeletal stem cell identified by single-cell RNA sequencing enhances osteochondral regeneration.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Osteochondral defects (OCDs) pose a significant clinical challenge due to their limited self-repair capacity. The complex structure and distinct biological properties of articular cartilage and subchondral bone further complicate regeneration.In this study, we introduce a novel osteochondral regeneration strategy leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) to identify a unique population of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) derived from the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). These SSCs exhibit high differentiation potential and robust chondrogenic capacity. Using flow cytometry, we isolated SSCs and extracted their exosomes (Exos), which were subsequently combined with hydrogels to develop a novel bioink. Employing 3D printing technology, we fabricated an innovative hydrogel scaffold designed to adapted to the defective areas enhance OCD repair.In a rat OCD model, the 3D-printed hydrogel scaffold loaded with SSC-derived Exos (SSC-Exos) demonstrated exceptional osteochondral regeneration, facilitating synchronous repair of both cartilage and subchondral bone. In vitro experiments revealed that SSC-Exos significantly enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Importantly, SSC-Exos derived from the IFP exhibited superior cartilage regeneration capabilities compared to Exos from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC-Exos). High-throughp

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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