3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone/n-TiO 2 composite enhances the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by downregulating miR-154-5p

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

The object was to enhance the bioactivity of pure polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) by incorporating nano-TiO 2 (n-TiO 2 ) and investigate its potential mechanism. PEEK/n-TiO 2 composite was manufactured using a 3D PEEK printer and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D profiler, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. Cytocompatibility was tested using SEM, fluorescence, and cell counting kit-8 assays. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by osteogenic gene and mineralized nodule levels. The expression of the candidate miRNAs were detected in composite group, and its role in osteogenic differentiation was studied. As a results the 3D-printed PEEK/n-TiO 2 composite ( Φ = 25 mm, H = 2 mm) was successfully fabricated, and the TiO 2 nanoparticles were well distributed and retained the nanoscale size of the powder. The Ra value of the composite surface was 2.69 ± 0.29, and Ti accounted for 22.29 ± 12.09% (in weight), and FT-IR analysis confirmed the characteristic peaks of TiO 2 . The cells in the composite group possessed better proliferation and osteogenic differentiation abilities than those in the PEEK group. miR-154-5p expression was decreased in the composite group, and the inhibition of miR-154-5p significantly enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation abilities. In conclusion, 3D-printed PEEK/n-TiO 2

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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