Activation of Nrf2 with natural flavonoids and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: mechanisms and therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Redox balance is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions. Its disruption by oxidative stress can trigger or exacerbate a series of pathological cascades, ultimately contributing to various chronic diseases, particularly inflammatory disorders. Inhibiting oxidative stress and its associated pathological cascades may alleviate these diseases, a process often linked to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Initially characterized as a redox-sensitive transcription factor, Nrf2 is now recognized as a pivotal regulator of an extensive network of antioxidant genes, effectively counteracting oxidative stress and its detrimental effects. Consequently, advances in understanding Nrf2 activators and their regulatory mechanisms have accelerated the development of Nrf2-targeted therapies, demonstrating significant potential for preventing and treating chronic inflammation diseases. Many natural phytochemicals, particularly flavonoids, have been identified as Nrf2 activators that can ameliorate inflammatory responses. Furthermore, therapy with mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) is a highly researched treatment approach with the potential to confer immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antimicrobial effects. Owing to their superior safety profile compared to conventional therapeutics, MSCs are gaining prominence as sustainabl

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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