Adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles attenuate liver fibrosis via restoration of gut barrier function and modulation of gut microbiota.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Aim: Liver fibrosis (LF) is a major pathological stage that may progress to end-stage chronic liver injury but currently lacks effective treatment strategies. Previous studies have shown that adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) play crucial roles in tissue repair, immune regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effect of ADSC-EVs in LF and reveal their regulation mechanisms in gut-liver axis dysregulation. Methods: The LF mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine/CCl 4 . LF mice for ADSC-EV treatment received ADSC-EVs (200 μg per mouse) twice a week for three weeks. Then, hepatic function tests, liver and gut histopathology, and gut microbiota analyses were performed. Results: ADSC-EVs effectively improved hepatic function, reduced collagen deposition and suppressed hepatic stellate cell activation, exhibiting potent anti-fibrotic potential in LF mice. Additionally, they significantly restored intestinal barrier integrity by reducing intestinal permeability and reinforcing the mucus barrier. Furthermore, ADSC-EV treatment regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila . ADSC-EV intervention also elevated the level of butyric acid in cecal contents and significantly reduced systemic inflammation

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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