Adipose tissue and age‑dependent insulin resistance: New insights into WAT browning (Review)

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Insulin resistance (IR) is defined as impaired insulin function, reduced glucose uptake and increased glucose production, which can result in type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome and even bone metabolic disorders. A possible reason for the increasing incidence of IR is population aging. Adipose tissue (AT) is an important endocrine organ that serves a crucial role in whole‑body energy homeostasis. AT can be divided into white AT (WAT), beige AT and brown AT (BAT). Several mechanisms have been previously associated with age‑dependent IR in WAT. However, BAT, a metabolically active tissue, controls the levels of plasma glucose and triglyceride metabolism. Therefore, the present review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of age‑dependent IR induced by AT and to determine the role of WAT browning in achieving positive therapeutic outcomes in age‑dependent IR.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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