Advancements in extracellular vesicle therapy for neurodegenerative diseases

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a significant and growing challenge to public health worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies often fall short in halting or reversing disease progression, highlighting the urgent need for novel approaches. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their role in intercellular communication and their ability to transport bioactive cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of EVs, their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, and the potential for EV-based therapies. We discuss the different types of EVs, their biogenesis, and their cargo composition, emphasizing their relevance to neurological processes such as protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Preclinical studies investigating EVs as carriers of therapeutic cargo and their ability to promote neuronal survival and regeneration are examined, with a focus on evidence from animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. We explore the use of EVs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including ongoing clinical trials, methods for EV isolation and modification, and future perspectives on personalized EV-based therapies designed to meet the unique needs of individual patients. Overall, this review highlights the potential of EVs as a promi

Evidence level

Several human studies show positive signals, while research methods and sample sizes continue to develop.

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