Advancements in photobiomodulation for generating functional beta cells from adipose derived stem cells in 3D culture: a comprehensive review.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

The differentiation of stem cells into functional insulin-producing beta (β) cells is a promising strategy in regenerative medicine, particularly in addressing the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Among the various strategies investigated for guiding stem cell differentiation, photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as an innovative approach to enhance the differentiation efficiency of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into functional insulin-producing β cells. Photobiomodulation involves the use of specific wavelengths of light to regulate cellular activity, offering advantages such as non-invasive modulation of signalling pathways and potential improvements in differentiation efficiency. This review focuses on how PBM can facilitate the differentiation of ADSCs into functional insulin-producing β cells. While other factors such as growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, and genetic modifications also play a role in β-cell development, they are only discussed in relation to their impact on PBM processes. By refining the scope, this review aims to provide the utility of PBM technique in differentiation of ADSCs into functional insulin-producing β cells within three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems and its potential clinical applications. We delve into the mechanisms of β cell differentiation, highlighting the pivotal role of key signalling pathway

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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