Application of nanoparticles in the therapeutic management of endometrial cancer

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

The management of endometrial cancer (EC) remains challenging due to metastatic risk, therapeutic resistance, and the modest durability of standard regimens. Nanotechnology offers a promising avenue to overcome these limitations by enhancing tumor-selective drug delivery, enabling controlled release, and facilitating multimodal approaches that integrate therapy and imaging. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in nanoparticle applications for EC, focusing on strategies that target key molecular drivers, such as TP53, PI3K/PTEN, and immune checkpoints, and evaluates localized administration routes such as vaginal delivery. Preclinical studies, including the demonstration of JX06-loaded nanoparticles combined with metformin achieving approximately 86% viability inhibition in patient-derived EC cells, underscore the potential of nanoformulations to improve intracellular delivery and therapeutic efficacy. However, current research remains constrained by its reliance on limited cell lines and immunodeficient animal models. Clinically validated active targeting efficacy has yet to be established in EC, and translational progress is further hindered by the inconsistent enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, accelerated blood clearance upon repeated dosing, as well as manufacturing and regulatory challenges. Through rational design of the targeting functiona

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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