Application Strategies of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone-Related Diseases

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Bone-related diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and fractures) exhibit a rising global incidence, imposing significant burdens on both quality of life and healthcare systems. Conventional therapeutic approaches, including anti-resorptive drugs and surgical interventions, face limitations such as long-term medication requirements, adverse effects (e.g., bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw) and suboptimal efficacy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative due to their accessibility, multi-lineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory properties and homing capacity. However, challenges such as disease complexity, mechanistic heterogeneity and therapeutic inconsistency hinder their clinical translation. Recent advances in genetic engineering, preconditioning strategies, bone tissue engineering (e.g., three-dimensional [3D] scaffolding), extracellular vesicle-based therapies and epigenetic regulation (e.g., histone modification) have significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of BMSCs. Furthermore, cutting-edge technologies like organoids and 3D bioprinting, which stem from advances in tissue engineering, offer novel avenues for clinical applications. Given these rapid developments, this review systematically summarises BMSC-based treatment strategies for bone-related diseases, discusses current

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

Browse all related research

Filter the research library by this study's title keywords, author, or publication year.