[The application of urine derived stem cells in regeneration of musculoskeletal system]

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Objective To review the application of urine derived stem cells (USCs) in regeneration of musculoskeletal system. Methods The original literature about USCs in the regeneration of musculoskeletal system was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results The source of USCs is noninvasive and extensive. USCs express MSCs surface markers with stable proliferative and multi-directional differentiation capabilities, and are widely used in bone, skin, nerve, and other skeletal and muscle system regeneration fields and show a certain repair capacity. Conclusion USCs from non-invasive sources have a wide application prospect in the regeneration of musculoskeletal system, but the definite biological mechanism of its repair needs further study.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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