Assessing the biocompatibility of bovine tendon scaffold, a step forward in tendon tissue engineering.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Tendon is a collagen-enriched, tough, and intricately arranged connective tissue that connects muscle to the bone and transmits forces, resulting in joint movement. High mechanical demands can affect normal tissues and may lead to severe disorders, which usually require replacement of the damaged tendon. In recent decades, various decellularization methods have been studied for tissue engineering applications. One of the major challenges in tendon decellularization is preservation of the tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture to maintain natural tissue characteristics. The aim of the present study was to create a decellularized bovine Achilles tendon scaffold to investigate its cytocompatibility with seeded hAd-MSCs (human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells) and blastema tissue in vitro. Here, we describe a reliable procedure to decellularize bovine Achilles tendon using a combination of physical and chemical treatments including repetitive freeze-thaw cycles and the ionic detergent SDS, respectively. The decellularization effectiveness and cytocompatibility of the tendon scaffolds were verified by histological studies and scanning electron microscopy for up to 30 days after culture. Histological studies revealed hAd-MSC attachment and penetration into the scaffolds at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of culture. However, a decrease in cell number was observed on days 25 and 3

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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