Bacillus velezensis alleviates PM_2.5-induced intestinal injury and dysbiosis in broilers via the "lung-gut axis"

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background This study investigated how tracheal instillation of Bacillus velezensis mitigates PM 2.5 -induced lung injury and counteracts its adverse effects on distal intestinal health in broilers via the "lung-gut axis". Results Five groups were randomly selected from among seventy-five 14-day-old AA broilers: Control, Saline, PM2.5, B. velezensis, and B. velezensis + PM2.5. Results showed that compared with the Saline group, PM 2.5 exposure disrupted lung structure and significantly upregulated TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, IL-18, and IFN-γ related inflammatory factors via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis (P 2.5 reduced the Shannon index of bacterial communities and raised the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, and Flavonifractor. Co-treatment with B. velezensis + PM 2.5 reversed the above changes, significantly improved lung and intestinal morphology, enhanced jejunal barrier function, reduced lung and jejunal inflammatory responses, and increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium. Based on KEGG functional prediction, the PM 2.5 group was enriched in microbial metabolic pathways, such as two-component systems and ABC transporters. Conclusions Tracheal instillation of B. velezensis can improve the expression of genes associated with lung injury via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling axis and effectively alleviate PM 2.5 -induced distal jejunal damage, barrier

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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