Biochemical markers of bone metabolism and bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetic foot ulcer.

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Type 2 diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is closely linked to disorders of bone metabolism and abnormal bone mineral density (BMD), while serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the gold standard for evaluating Vit D nutritional status, acts as an independent protective factor for DFU and is implicated in skeletal health regulation in diabetic patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate biochemical markers of bone metabolism and BMD in patients with type 2 diabetic foot ulcer, and to identify risk factors for diabetic foot and accompanying gangrene. A total of 400 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) admitted to the Endocrinology Ward of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from December 2021 to May 2023 were enrolled, including 155 in the DF group and 245 in the non-diabetic foot (NDF) group. Clinical data, bone metabolism markers and BMD measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were collected, and data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. Compared with the NDF group, the DF group had older age, longer diabetes duration, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and type I collagen N-terminal propeptide (PINP) level, but lower levels of serum albumin (ALB), glycemic and lipid indicators, 25(OH)D, total BMD and hip regional B < 0.05), with a significantly higher prevalence of low bone mass and osteoporosis. Binar

Evidence level

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

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