Bioinspired exosome-SiO 2 nanohybrid therapeutic for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Objective: Due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) are currently considered a promising option for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To tackle the problems of immunogenicity and tumorigenicity linked to the direct use of cells, current research is focused on the development of effective nanomedicines utilizing ADSC-derived exosomes (ADSC-EXO) for cell-free regenerative medicine. Methods: Methotrexate (MTX) was loaded into mesoporous silica through physical adsorption to produce SiO 2 -MTX, with subsequent incorporation into ADSC-EXO via ultrasonication to produce AE@SiO 2 -MTX. Particle size, surface charge, and stability were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis. In vitro , the effects of the nanomaterials were evaluated by assessing the inverse polarization effect of AE@SiO 2 -MTX on RAW264.7 macrophages, as well as on the migration and invasion capabilities of fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS). In vivo, targeting and therapeutic effects on joint inflammation were examined using adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models. Results: The AE@SiO₂-MTX demonstrated sustained drug release, high biocompatibility, and rapid cellular internalization. In vitro , the delivery system alleviated chronic inflammation by inducing macropha

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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