Biological activities of astaxanthin in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Introduction Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) develop with the gradual advancement of neuronal damage and dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders are mostly the outcomes of the improper sedimentation and accumulation of proteins, such as amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein, and prions. Astaxanthin (AST) exists in different types of living organisms and displays antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. This review has concentrated on the therapeutic characteristics of AST on NDs. Methods Data was collected by searching Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Articles selected for this review reported results on the neuroprotective properties of AST on NDs of studies conducted during the years 2000 to 2024. Results AST decreases soluble Aβ levels by stimulating the Aβ degradation enzyme. It also reduces inflammation in the substantia nigra (SN) by decreasing IBA1 expression, thereby lessening microglia activity. This carotenoid reduces demyelination by increasing the survival of oligodendrocytes cells and increasing the number of their progenitor cells. AST has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties and can play a role in the treatment of many NDs. Conclusion There is no definitive treatment for some NDs. The use of AST and natural compounds can be an optimal method for preventing and treating NDs with few side effects.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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