Biomechanical Aspects of Osteochondral Regeneration: Implications and Strategies for Three-Dimensional Bioprinting

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Osteoarthritis is among the most prevalent of musculoskeletal disorders in the world that causes joint pain, deformity, and limited range of movement. The resulting osteochondral defect can significantly decrease the patient's quality of life, but current treatment options have not demonstrated the capacity to fully regenerate the entire osteochondral microenvironment. Structurally, the osteochondral unit is a composite system composed of three layers-articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral bone. Collectively these distinct layers contribute to the distinct biomechanical properties that maintain the health and aid in load transfer during joint articulation. The purpose of this review was to examine the role of the osteochondral interface in tissue engineering. Topics of discussion include the biomechanics of the osteochondral unit and an overview of various strategies for osteochondral interface tissue engineering, with a specific focus on three-dimensional bioprinting. The goal of this review was to elucidate the importance of the osteochondral interface and overview some strategies of developing an interface layer within tissue engineered scaffolds. Impact Statement This review provides an overview of interface tissue engineering for osteochondral regeneration. It offers a detailed investigation into the biomechanics of the osteochondral unit as it relates t

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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