Boosting the vascularization and regenerative capacity of nanofat by short-term ex vivo pretreatment with erythropoietin.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that exerts pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study investigated whether this beneficial profile of action is suitable for improving the in vivo performance of nanofat, an emulsified fat derivative that is clinically used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Results Repeated intravital fluorescent microscopic analyses showed that EPO-pretreated nanofat significantly accelerates and enhances the vascularization of the implants, as evidenced by an earlier onset of blood perfusion and an increased functional microvessel density when compared to controls. This was associated with a reduced inflammatory response to the implants, as indicated by lower numbers of adherent leukocytes in venules of the host tissue. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses further revealed an improved implant integration with an increased collagen I deposition and a higher density of nanofat-derived CD31⁺/green fluorescent protein (GFP + ) microvessels, along with a reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. Methods Nanofat was mechanically generated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of GFP + C57BL/6J mice and incubated for 1 h in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution with or without EPO (3 IU/mL). The pretreated nanofat was seeded onto dermal substitutes, which were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers of GFP⁻ C57BL/

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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