Ca-AlN MOFs-loaded chitosan/gelatin scaffolds; a dual-delivery system for bone tissue engineering applications.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Creating a scaffold for bone tissue engineering that is bioactive and capable of acting as a local-dual delivery system, releasing bioactive molecules and regulating the bone remodeling process to achieve balanced bone resorption and formation, is a significant challenge. The objective of this research is to create a composite scaffold using chitosan/gelatin (CHS/Gel) and the calcium (Ca)-alendronate (ALN) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The scaffold will act as a dual-delivery system, releasing Ca ions and ALN to regulate bone formation. Ca-ALN MOF nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared in mild conditions and studied by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TGA. Ca-ALN NPs-loaded CHS/Gel scaffolds were opportunely fabricated through freeze-drying approach. Physicochemical features of the scaffolds after incorporating NPs equated by CHS/Gel scaffold changed, therefore, the attendance of NPs caused a decreasing porosity, decreased swelling, and low rate of degradation. The release profile results showed that the NPs-loaded CHS/Gel scaffolds were able to simultaneously release ALN and Ca ions due to the decomposition of NPs. Additionally, the loading of NPs in the CHS/Gel scaffold led to an increment in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the quantity of deposited Ca along with osteogenesis gene markers. These findings suggest that the NPs-loaded CHS/Gel scaffold has the potential to enhance the

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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