Cartilage/bone interface fabricated under perfusion: Spatially organized commitment of adipose-derived stem cells without medium supplementation.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Tissue engineering of an osteochondral interface demands for a gradual transition of chondrocyte- to osteoblast-prevailing tissue. If stem cells are used as a single cell source, an appropriate cue to trigger the desired differentiation is the use of composite materials with different amounts of calcium phosphate. Electrospun meshes of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/aCaP) in weight ratios of 100:0; 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 were seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and cultured in DMEM without chemical supplementation. After 2 weeks of static cultivation, they were either further cultivated statically for another 2 weeks (group 1), or placed in a Bose® bioreactor with a flow rate per area of 0.16 mL cm -2 min -1 (group 2). Markers for stem cell criteria, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, adipogenesis and angiogenesis were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell distribution, Sox9 protein expression and proteoglycans were assessed by histology. In group 2 (perfusion culture), chondrogenic Sox9 was upregulated toward the cartilage-mimicking side compared to pure PLGA. On the bone-mimicking side, Sox9 experienced a downregulation, which was confirmed on the protein level. Vice versa, expression of osteocalcin was upregulated on the bone-mimicking side, while it was unchanged on the cartilage-mimicking side. In group 1

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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