Cell-Friendly Indirect 3D Printing Strategy for Scaffold Fabrication.
Van Damme L., Blondeel P., Van Vlierberghe S.
Animal Study, published in Macromol Rapid Commun (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
- Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
- Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
- Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
- Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
- Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
This page is generated from the PubMed record. The Thai description is an automated summary of bibliographic fields and the abstract, not a full translation, and is not medical advice.
- Study type
- Animal Study
- Journal
- Macromol Rapid Commun (2026)
- Country
- Germany
- Reported sample size
- —
- Source database
- PubMed
- PMID
- 41555819
- DOI
- 10.1002/marc.202500624
Abstract (original English)
This study aims to evaluate the use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) moulds for the fabrication of cell-containing hydrogel scaffolds exploiting a bottom-up tissue engineering (TE) approach. To this end, different gelatin derivatives are functionalized and their physical gelation behaviour are investigated. The modified recombinant collagen peptide (RCPhC1) materials exhibit lower viscosity than the animal-derived gelatin, rendering them unsuitable to be exploited in extrusion-based 3D printing. Hence, indirect printing using water-soluble PVA moulds is explored, and the moulds demonstrate excellent water solubility, biocompatibility and photo-transmittance. The obtained scaffolds show a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) mimicry of ∼110% and mass swelling ratios (4-24) suitable for soft TE applications. Moreover, mechanical properties in line with those of native fatty tissue (Young's moduli 0.8-2 kPa) were obtained. The cell viability remains high (>80%) throughout the 14-day assessment period, indicating the biocompatibility of the encapsulated adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) within the scaffolds, irrespective of the applied hydrogel materials, being gelatin-methacryloyl (Gel-MA), gelatin norbornene/thiolated gelatin (Gel-NB/SH), RCPhC1-MA and RCPhC1-NB/SH. In conclusion, PVA moulds can be exploited to shape gelatin derivatives while ensuring cel
What this study does not prove
- • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
- • This is preclinical work; animal or laboratory results cannot be applied to humans.
Evidence level
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
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