Comparative effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on interleukin-1 beta-induced testicular inflammation in rats: An experimental study.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Elevated interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in orchitis triggers immune-mediated inflammation, disrupting spermatogenesis and impairing reproductive function. Objective This study compared adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and their exosomes (EXO) for mitigating inflammation and enhancing repair in IL-1β-induced orchitis. Materials and methods In this experimental study, ASCs were isolated and cultured to passage 3. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry confirmed ASCs' surface markers; scanning electron microscopy characterized EXO. 32 male Wistar rats (6-7 wk; 250-300 gr) received daily intraperitoneal IL-1β (10 μg/kg) for 6 days to induce testicular inflammation. Rats were assigned to 4 groups: 1) control; 2) IL-1β only; 3) IL-1β + ASCs (1 × 10⁶ cells); and 4) IL-1β + EXO (200 μg). After the treatments, testicular histopathology, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and leukocyte infiltration were evaluated. Results ASCs displayed spindle morphology and positivity for CD44 and CD105. Isolated EXO averaged 82.6 ± 28.5 nm in diameter. IL-1β induction caused considerable leukocyte infiltration, Sertoli cells displacement, vascular congestion, and disrupted seminiferous tubule structure. ASC administration yielded partial tissue recovery and reduced degenerative alterations. EXO demonstrated superior efficacy, significantly reducing leukocyte infiltration (p = 0.011) and restoring

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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