Decellularized tendon scaffold seeded with adipose-derived MSCs and supplemented with G-CSF injection promotes tendon repair in a rat model.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Tendon injuries cause pain and functional limitations, posing a clinical burden due to poor healing and recurrence. Combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds, and bioactive factors may enhance tendon regeneration. This study investigated integrating adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) seeded on a decellularized tendon scaffold (DTS) with G-CSF injection for tendon repair. Methods DTS was prepared from rat Achilles tendons through freeze-thaw cycles and sodium dodecyl sulfate decellularization, preserving ECM structure. In vitro, AD-MSC viability, tenogenic gene expression, and scratch wound closure were assessed in response to G-CSF ± DTS. In vivo, a rat Achilles tendon defect model included: control (CTL), DTS, DTS with G-CSF, and DTS and AD-MSCs with G-CSF. After 6 weeks, histology, immunohistochemistry, collagen quantification, gene expression, and immunofluorescence analyses were performed. Results DTS maintained AD-MSC viability and tenogenic differentiation in vitro by upregulating SCX, COL1, and TN-C. G-CSF (1000 ng/mL) enhanced AD-MSC-mediated wound closure in the presence of DTS extract. In vivo, DTS with AD-MSCs and G-CSF showed organized collagen alignment, reduced cellularity and inflammation, increased collagen deposition, and the highest total collagen content. Furthermore, it exhibited upregulation of SCX,

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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