Development of 3D-printed PLGA/TiO 2 nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Porous scaffolds were 3D-printed using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/TiO 2 composite (10:1 weight ratio) for bone tissue engineering applications. Addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles improved the compressive modulus of scaffolds. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed an increase in both glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition onset of the composite compared to pure PLGA. Furthermore, addition of TiO 2 was found to enhance the wettability of the surface evidenced by reducing the contact angle from 90.5 ± 3.2 to 79.8 ± 2.4 which is in favor of cellular attachment and activity. The obtained results revealed that PLGA/TiO 2 scaffolds significantly improved osteoblast proliferation compared to pure PLGA (p 2 nanocomposite showed significantly higher ALP activity and improved calcium secretion compared to pure PLGA scaffolds (p < 0.05).

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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