Differential Effects of EP3, FP, and EP2 Receptor Agonists on Orbital Adipogenesis in a 3D Spheroid Model of Thyroid Eye Disease.
Wu P., Zhou X., Zhang X., Nie F., Zhao Y., Liao L.
Prospective Study, published in Curr Eye Res (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.
Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.
- Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
- Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
- Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
- Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
- Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
This page is generated from the PubMed record. The Thai description is an automated summary of bibliographic fields and the abstract, not a full translation, and is not medical advice.
- Study type
- Prospective Study
- Journal
- Curr Eye Res (2026)
- Country
- England
- Reported sample size
- —
- Source database
- PubMed
- PMID
- 41697065
- DOI
- 10.1080/02713683.2026.2619891
Abstract (original English)
Purpose To compare the differential effects of EP3, FP, and EP2 receptor agonists on adipogenic differentiation in orbital adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (OASC) spheroids from thyroid eye disease (TED) patients. Methods Orbital adipose tissue was obtained from inactive TED patients, and OASCs were isolated. Three-dimensional spheroid cultures were established and induced for adipogenic differentiation in the presence of FP agonist bimatoprost (BIM), EP3 agonist sulprostone (SULP), or EP2 agonist butaprost (BUTA). Spheroid size and lipid accumulation were assessed using bright-field imaging, BODIPY staining, and Oil Red O staining. Gene and protein expression of adipogenic markers (PPARG, ADIPOQ, FABP4, LEPTIN) were quantified by qPCR and/or western blotting. Levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and Leptin in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Results Sulprostone and bimatoprost markedly inhibited adipogenic differentiation of OASC spheroids, as evidenced by reduced spheroid size, decreased lipid accumulation, and downregulation of PPARG, FABP4, and LEPTIN. Compared with sulprostone, bimatoprost exerted a stronger inhibitory effect, showing smaller spheroid size, fewer lipid droplets, and lower LEPTIN expression. Despite the suppression of lipid accumulation, ADIPOQ expression was significantly upregulated in both SULP and BIM groups. Notably, bimatoprost
What this study does not prove
- • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
Evidence level
Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.
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