Dimeric Thymosin β4 Loaded Nanofibrous Interface Enhanced Regeneration of Muscular Artery in Aging Body through Modulating Perivascular Adipose Stem Cell-Macrophage Interaction.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Regenerating nonthrombotic and compliant artery, especially in the aging body, remains a major surgical challenge, mainly owing to the inadequate knowledge of the major cell sources contributing to arterial regeneration and insufficient bioactivity of delivered peptides in grafts. Ultrathin nanofibrous sheaths stented with biodegrading elastomer present opening channels and reduced material residue, enabling fast cell recruitment and host remodeling, while incorporating peptides offering developmental cues are challenging. In this study, a recombinant human thymosin β4 dimer (DTβ4) that contains two complete Tβ4 molecules is produced. The adult perivascular adipose is found as the dominant source of vascular progenitors which, when stimulated by the DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath, enables 100% patency rates, near-complete structural as well as adequate functional regeneration of artery, and effectively ameliorates aging-induced defective regeneration. As compared with Tβ4, DTβ4 exhibits durable regenerative activity including recruiting more progenitors for endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, when incorporated into the ultrathin polycaprolactone sheath. Moreover, the DTβ4-loaded interface promotes smooth muscle cells differentiation, mainly through promoting M2 macrophage polarization and chemokines. Incorporating artificial DTβ4 into ultrathin sheaths of fast degrading

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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