Divergent roles of crassifolin B and cyperenoic acid from Gentiana kurroo in regulating adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells through PPARγ and MAPK pathways.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Gentiana kurroo Royle (Gentianaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant native to the northwestern Himalayas and is used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. However, scientific evidence on its bioactive constituents and their molecular mechanisms in regulating adipocyte function remains limited. To isolate and identify bioactive compounds from the stem extract of G. kurroo and evaluate their effects on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, with particular focus on PPARγ and MAPK signaling pathways. Methanolic stem extracts of G. kurroo were fractionated, and the ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to MPLC for compound isolation. Six compounds were identified via spectral analysis. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with these compounds, and lipid accumulation was quantified. Western blotting was used to analyze protein expression of adipogenic and lipolytic markers. Inhibitor assays and molecular docking were employed to elucidate the signaling mechanisms. Among the isolated six compounds [crassifolin B (1), crassifolin L (2), chettaphanin I (3), cyperenoic acid (4), Teucvidin (5), and methyl 9-(furan-3-yl)-2,7,13-trimethyl-4-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,6]trideca-5,8-diene-2-carboxylate (6)], crassifolin B (compound (1) significantly promoted lipid accumulation and upregulated PPARγ, C/EBPα,

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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