The effect of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells on microglia states

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Microglial reaction plays a key role in the prognosis of traumatic CNS injuries (TBI and SCI). A growing number of studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in regulating microglial states. This review summarizes the effects and mechanisms of different sources of MSCs on microglial states in the last 5 years. In general, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are the most accessible and widely used, and can produce immunosuppressive effects on a variety of brain injuries including TBI through tissue engineering in situ implantation; MSCs mainly regulate inflammatory pathways and promote the states of microglia in the anti-inflammatory direction, which also secrete certain cytokines or extracellular vesicles to affect apoptotic pathways, such as the extracellular vesicles miR-21-5p, acting as a neuronal protector.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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