The Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes and Graphene Compounds on the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat BMSCs

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Graphene-based nanomaterials, including graphene oxide (GO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), exhibit exceptional properties, which might facilitate the functional modification of TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs) for enhanced rapid osseointegration. This study investigated the effects of GO/GQD-deposited TiO 2 -NTs on cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and early osseointegration in male 6-week-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. TiO 2 -NTs (control group) were fabricated on titanium substrates via anodic oxidation. GO and GQDs were electrochemically deposited onto the TiO 2 -NTs using cyclic voltammetry with 0.5 mg/mL GO and 0.1 mg/mL GQD dispersions to form NT-GO and NT-GQDs. In vitro assays evaluated cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Implants were randomly inserted into one femoral epiphysis of nine rats ( n = 3), and osseointegration was evaluated using micro-computed tomography and sequential fluorescence labeling at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-implantation. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA. Cyclic voltammetry successfully synthesized NT-GO and NT-GQDs, with Raman spectra confirming D and G bands. Both NT-GO and NT-GQDs exhibited superior cell adhesion, proliferation, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation compared with TiO 2 -NTs. Notably, the NT-GQDs significantly promoted new bone

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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