The Endocrinological Basis for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Perspective.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

As a common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovarian hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and preferential abdominal fat accumulation. These characteristics in normal-weight women with PCOS are accompanied by subcutaneous abdominal adipose stem cells that intrinsically exaggerate lipid accumulation during adipocyte development in vitro in combination with an increased amount of highly lipolytic visceral fat. PCOS-related adipose characteristics are intimately linked with hyperandrogenism through genetic inheritance and epigenetic events programmed during prenatal and postnatal life. Accordingly, evolutionary theory submits that such events in PCOS may have ancestral origins, providing survival advantages in 3 contexts: (1) food scarcity with risk of starvation; (2) infectious disease risks, alleviated by visceral and omental fat; and (3) benefits from increased muscularity. But such adaptations also involve costs, given that PCOS-related traits also tend to reduce reproduction, due to oligo-anovulation. This review examines the evolutionary origins of PCOS risk as a syndrome potentiated by environmental mismatches (especially contemporary obesity and low physical activity), combined with adaptive physiological systems governed by trade-offs between survival and reproduction. This hypothesis is supported by a pletho

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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