Endothelial and Osteoblast Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using a Cobalt-Doped CaP/Silk Fibroin Scaffold.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

A major problem in the treatment of large bone defects is the inability to provide an adequate blood supply to the implantation site. Therefore, a bone regeneration strategy that provides an adequate supply of vessels would address this need. Cobalt (Co 2+ ), because of its ability to induce hypoxia, has been used to accelerate new vessel formation. In this study, we used a freeze-drying technique to fabricate a scaffold that consisted of Co 2+ -doped calcium phosphate (CaP) [e.g., hydroxyapatite (HA)] and natural silk fiber through an optimized alternate mineralization process. The composition and structure of the scaffold were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data showed that the scaffolds promoted differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) toward endothelial and osteoblast linages. We observed improved angiogenesis and bone formation with the fabricated scaffolds compared with the control groups. Computed tomography (CT) scans and radiographic imaging, in addition to histology and immunohistochemical analyses, showed the presence of angiogenesis and bone regeneration after implantation of the ADSC-seeded scaffolds in a critical size calavarial bone defect in a Wistar rat model. We obtained the best in vitro and in vivo results by doping

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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