Engineering the Future: Strategic Advances in Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems
Zhang X., Zhang X.
Narrative Review, published in Int J Nanomedicine (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
- Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
- Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
- Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
- Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
- Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
This page is generated from the PubMed record. The Thai description is an automated summary of bibliographic fields and the abstract, not a full translation, and is not medical advice.
- Study type
- Narrative Review
- Journal
- Int J Nanomedicine (2026)
- Reported sample size
- —
- Source database
- Europe PMC
- PMID
- 41939209
- PMCID
- PMC13048099
- DOI
- 10.2147/ijn.s583242
- Citations
- 2
Abstract (original English)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells that inherently lack replicative capacity and function as endogenous carriers of biological cargo including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites for intercellular communication. Leveraging their intrinsic biocompatibility and biomimetic transport properties, EVs have emerged as versatile drug delivery platforms with distinct therapeutic advantages. Recent advancements have developed two precision-engineered derivatives: structurally and cargo-modified engineered EVs, and EV mimetics integrating synthetic nanomaterials. Both types are designed to enhance targeting specificity and therapeutic efficacy, yet their strong intercorrelations frequently cause confusion. This review systematically examines the evolving landscape of EV-based delivery systems by establishing conceptual distinctions between native EVs, engineered EVs, and EV mimetics, while comparatively analyzing their preparation methodologies, clinical translation progress, and performance characteristics as drug carriers. Through systematic discussion of clinical challenges, including safety, clinical feasibility, and cross-laboratory reproducibility, we propose optimization directions integrating artificial intelligence with drug delivery systems, thereby providing insights and methodologies for next-generation EV-ins
What this study does not prove
- • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
- • This is a narrative review: it collects no new patient data and does not systematically appraise evidence quality.
Evidence level
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
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