Engineering MSC Migration: Roles of Nanoparticles in Activating Migratory Pathways and Functions

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold strong therapeutic potential due to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. A key factor in their effectiveness is the ability to home in to injured sites. However, clinical outcomes are limited by poor homing efficiency, insufficient migration, tracking challenges, and risks of unwanted differentiation. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of MSC homing, particularly the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis and matrix remodeling. We highlight recent advances in using nanoparticles-such as magnetic, silica, and polymer-based systems-to enhance chemokine receptor expression and homing. Future directions include MSC engineering, advanced tracking, and AI-guided delivery strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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