Exploring Adipose Tissue Complexity Through Omics Approaches: Implications for Health and Disease

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Adipose tissues (ATs) are dynamic and heterogeneous organs divided into three distinct categories, including white, beige, and brown ATs. Collectively, they contribute to systemic energy homeostasis in various ways. White adipocytes primarily store excess energy, whereas brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy as heat through non-shivering thermogenesis. Recent advances in multi-omics technologies have transformed our understanding of adipocyte biology, enabling comprehensive interrogation of transcriptional, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomic networks that define adipocyte identity and function. Transcriptomic studies reveal distinct gene signatures underlying thermogenic activation and lineage commitment, while epigenomic profiling highlights regulatory elements that orchestrate adipocyte plasticity, particularly the inducible browning of white fat. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses further uncover mitochondrial remodeling, lipid turnover pathways, and metabolite, hormone interactions that regulate thermogenic capacity and metabolic health. Integrating these multi-layered datasets provides systems-level insights into the roles of environmental cues, such as diet and temperature, and endogenous factors, including hormonal signaling, circadian rhythms, and genetic background, in reshaping adipocyte phenotypes and influencing whole-body metabolism. Multi-omics approache

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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