Extracellular vesicles derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells improve bladder dysfunction in rat model of diabetic atherosclerosis

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background The incidence of diabetic atherosclerosis (DMA) is increasing worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. In addition to cardiovascular complications, bladder dysfunction is one of the common comorbidities associated with DMA but is often refractory to current treatments. Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of human amniotic fluid stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hAFSC-EVs) on the recovery of bladder dysfunction in DMA rats. Methods Eighty rats were divided into normal control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, diabetic rats subjected to arterial balloon endothelial injury of common iliac artery (DMA), and DMA rats treated with hAFSC-EVs (DMA + hAFSC-EVs). At 4 weeks and 12 weeks after DMA induction, levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance, and HOMA-β were measured. Cystometry, common iliac artery wall thickness, and bladder tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Smad3, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibronectin were also evaluated. Results Bladder weight and blood glucose, triglyceride, HOMA-insulin resistance, common iliac artery intima thickness, voided volume, intercontraction interval, bladder capacity, and mRNA expre

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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