Extracellular vesicles secreted by adipose-derived stem cells alleviate dedifferentiation and senescence in monolayer-expanded chondrocytes by suppressing interleukin-1β-induced MAPK signaling.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has long been regarded as the gold-standard chondrocyte-based therapy for articular cartilage repair. The main challenge in ACI is that chondrocytes lose their chondrogenic phenotype after monolayer expansion in vitro . The monolayer-expanded chondrocytes show dedifferentiation and senescence, hindering their ability to synthesize hyaline cartilage. Currently, there is no effective method to alleviate dedifferentiation and senescence in these monolayer-expanded chondrocytes. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been increasingly explored as a viable alternative cell source to chondrocytes for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Besides inducing chondrogenesis of ADSCs into chondrocyte, recent research emphasizes the positive impact of ADSC-secreted extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs). We demonstrate that ADSC-EVs alleviate dedifferentiation and senescence in monolayer-expanded chondrocytes, enhancing their capacity to produce hyaline cartilage. The ADSC-EVs treatment redifferentiated the monolayer-expanded chondrocytes by upregulating collagen type II (Col-II), sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), and SOX-9 expression and decreasing collagen type I (Col-I) levels. The redifferentiated chondrocytes also showed enhanced cell proliferation and reduced levels of P16 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). Moreover, ADSC-EV

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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