Fabrication and characterization of 3D-printed polyacrylonitrile scaffolds for the neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via exosomes.
Hoveizi E., Sayahi M.
Laboratory Study, published in J Biol Eng (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
- Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
- Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
- Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
- Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
- Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
This page is generated from the PubMed record. The Thai description is an automated summary of bibliographic fields and the abstract, not a full translation, and is not medical advice.
- Study type
- Laboratory Study
- Journal
- J Biol Eng (2026)
- Country
- England
- Reported sample size
- —
- Source database
- PubMed
- PMID
- 41933393
- PMCID
- PMC13173745
- DOI
- 10.1186/s13036-026-00648-7
Abstract (original English)
Exosomes mediate signaling that guides differentiation by delivering factors that influence cellular fate and gene pathways. Three-dimensional (3D)–printed scaffolds provide customizable matrices that create precise microenvironments for differentiation and can synergize with exosome cues to enhance lineage specification and tissue regeneration. This study evaluated the neurogenic differentiation potential of exosomes derived from neural stem cells (NSCs-exs) on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) cultured on a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) scaffold prepared by 3D printing. NSCs-exs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The PAN scaffold was fabricated by a solution-printing method using a 3D printer to deposit a 10% PAN polymer mixture. ADMSCs were cultured on the scaffold and treated with 10 µg/mL NSCs-exs for 14 days. Differentiation was assessed by examining the expression of Nestin, Map2, Tuj-1, and NF using immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. NSCs-exs were characterized by a diameter of 44.79 nm, a lipid bilayer structure, and expression of the markers CD81, CD9, and CD63, with a total protein concentration of 160 µg/mL. Microstructural analysis of the PAN scaffold revealed a homogeneous and organized architecture with an average fiber diameter of approximately 470 nm. The scaffold exhibited ap
What this study does not prove
- • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
- • This is preclinical work; animal or laboratory results cannot be applied to humans.
Evidence level
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
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