Facial Reconstruction: The Nuances of Managing Undesirable Results

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Given the visibility of the face and the importance of its cosmesis, undesirable results following facial reconstruction present significant challenges for both the patient and the surgeon. Intraoperative measures and postoperative management can ameliorate some unfavorable outcomes, but others may require more extensive intervention. Approaching undesirable results with a frank assessment followed by shared decision-making not only improves outcomes but is also essential for patient satisfaction.

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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