Functionalized osteogenic extracellular vesicles derived from BMP9-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) effectively induce bone regeneration.
Li A., Zhu Y., Rahaman S., Hao A., Gou Y., Dong X.
Animal Study, published in Biomaterials (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
- Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
- Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
- Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
- Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
- Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
This page is generated from the PubMed record. The Thai description is an automated summary of bibliographic fields and the abstract, not a full translation, and is not medical advice.
- Study type
- Animal Study
- Journal
- Biomaterials (2026)
- Country
- Netherlands
- Reported sample size
- —
- Source database
- PubMed
- PMID
- 41643568
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2026.124027
Abstract (original English)
Effective healing of large bone defects is a clinical challenge. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated cell-free therapy has great potential in bone defect repair; however, unmodified EVs generally exhibit limited osteogenic potential. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most potent osteogenic cytokines reported to date. Here, we modified the EVs from BMP9-stimulated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMAD), designated as B9-EVs. Subcutaneous injections of B9-EVs in immune-competent mice elicited no detectable host immune response. B9-EVs effectively induced in vitro osteogenic markers and promoted subcutaneous bone formation and cranial defect repair in vivo, similar to the direct use of recombinant adenovirus-mediated BMP9 overexpressing (AdR-B9) transduced iMAD cells. The miRNA-seq analysis of B9-EVs identified a distinct set of osteogenesis-related miRNAs. RNA-seq analysis revealed that osteogenesis-associated transcripts regulated in B9-EVs-stimulated MSCs were overlapping with but also distinct from those in AdR-B9-stimulated MSCs. Further bioinformatic analysis established an miRNA-mRNA network and revealed that the functionalized B9-EVs may regulate 10 miRNAs and 11 mRNA transcripts to induce osteogenesis through mechanisms that are unique and distinct from those associated with direct BMP9 stimulation. Collectively, given their cell-free and non-immuno
What this study does not prove
- • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
- • This is preclinical work; animal or laboratory results cannot be applied to humans.
Evidence level
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
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