Garlic-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles: A Promising Natural Nanotherapy for Periodontitis via PHGDH/PI3K/AKT-Mediated Metabolic and Inflammatory Regulation.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to alveolar bone loss, with a complex pathogenesis closely associated with excessive local inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in periodontal tissues. Unfortunately, effective therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation and improving cellular metabolism remain lacking. Garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (GaELNs), as a natural therapeutic agent, have demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in conditions such as colitis, liver dysfunction, osteoarthritis, and adipose tissue inflammation, yet their potential in treating periodontitis has not been explored. In this study, GaELNs were extracted using a simplified and rapid method and characterized for their morphology and concentration. Metabolomic analysis was conducted to determine the bioactive components within GaELNs. In vitro experiments using human gingival fibroblasts assessed GaELNs' cellular uptake, effects on cell proliferation, migration, VEGF expression, and their ability to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Additionally, a mouse periodontitis model was employed to evaluate the in vivo effects of GaELNs on local inflammation and bone resorption. GaELNs exhibited typical exosome-like characteristics with sufficient concentration and high batch-to-batch reproducibility. Metabolomic ana

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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