Gelatin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Microspheres for Controlled and Sustained Release of BMP-2 and VEGF Enhance Osteogenic and Angiogenic Cell Differentiation.
Platania V., Loukelis K., Chatzinikolaidou M.
Laboratory Study, published in Gels (2026) — summary generated from the PubMed abstract.
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
- Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
- Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
- Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
- Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
- Emerging · Emerging topic under active research
This page is generated from the PubMed record. The Thai description is an automated summary of bibliographic fields and the abstract, not a full translation, and is not medical advice.
- Study type
- Laboratory Study
- Journal
- Gels (2026)
- Country
- Switzerland
- Reported sample size
- —
- Source database
- PubMed
- PMID
- 42042164
- DOI
- 10.3390/gels12040326
Abstract (original English)
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play a pivotal role in promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis that concurrently take place during bone regeneration. The rapid degradation and diffusion of these growth factors, combined with the potential side effects associated with their exogenous insertion, limit their applications. To overcome these shortcomings, we developed a controlled release system for BMP-2 and VEGF on microspheres comprising gelatin (Gel) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). We fabricated Gel-PVA microspheres using a constant Gel concentration of 10% w / v and a varied PVA concentration of 0, 5, and 10% w / v (Gel-PVA0%, Gel-PVA5%, and Gel-PVA10%, respectively). The microspheres were loaded with the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) first. The Gel-PVA10% microspheres demonstrated significantly higher loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency, as well as lower cumulative release rate, compared to the Gel-PVA5% ones when loaded with BSA. Thus, the microspheres with the Gel-PVA10% composition were selected for loading with BMP-2 and VEGF. Kinetic studies of BMP-2 and VEGF loaded into Gel-PVA10% microspheres indicated similar results to those with BSA. The microsphere concentration with the optimal cytocompatibility was 0.5 mg/mL, and it was applied for the assessment of the osteogenic differentiation using bone marro
What this study does not prove
- • This study does not prove SVF is an approved treatment or a replacement for standard care.
- • This is preclinical work; animal or laboratory results cannot be applied to humans.
Evidence level
Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.
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