Glycyrrhizic acid combined with human adipose-derived MSCs synergistically alleviates the MPP+/MPTP-induced parkinson's disease by inducing autophagy through PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α pathway.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Aims Emerging research highlights the considerable therapeutic promise of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and stem cells used separately for Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, the combined effects of GA and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in PD models have not been thoroughly investigated. This research is designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of GA combined with ADSCs in vitro and in vivo, and to analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms. Main methods In vitro experiments were performed in SH-SY5Y cell. In vivo experiments were performed in C57BL/6 mice. Key findings In comparison to other treatment groups, the combination of GA and ADSCs exhibited improved therapeutic effects in vitro. RNA sequencing analysis revealed involvement of autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α signaling pathway in the treatment. In follow-up research, the combination of GA and ADSCs markedly increased the expression ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins in vitro following 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) exposure. Besides, the combined treatment downregulated the LC3II/LC3I expression ratio and Beclin-1 expression levels while upregulating p62, HIF-1α, and VEGFA expression levels. Similar to 3-MA, results from western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence staining (IF) indicated that the combined treatment significantly reduced a

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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