Gynecomastia: Ultrasound-Confirmed Classification Pertainent to Surgical Correction.

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Gynecomastia is the most common form of breast alteration in men, due to proliferation of the gland ducts and stromal components, including fat. In addition to the most obvious indications (weight loss, pharmacotherapy, and drugs suspension), the surgical treatment is needed for long-standing gynecomastia, combining liposuction, adenectomy, partial mammary adenectomy, periareolar skin resection, and round-block suture. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 148 patients undergoing gynecomastia correction from May 2012 to April 2018. Follow-up ranged from 9 to 14 months. The authors propose a new ultrasound-confirmed classification system, dividing patients into six categories. The authors analyzed immediate complications, revision, recurrence, and minor aesthetic problems (retracted/depressed areas) and introduced a way to correct the irregularities with fat grafting and needles. Results The total complication rate was 11.5% (17/148). Most of the complications (11) were observed in patients who underwent glandular resection and 3 after liposuction only. Retrospective surveys about patients' and surgeons' satisfaction were performed, showing excellent feedbacks regarding the results accomplished. Conclusions The simple classification helps surgeons choose the most suitable approach, avoiding insufficient or invasive treatments and undesirable sca

Evidence level

Early human evidence such as case series or small samples is exploring possible benefits.

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