High-fat diet-induced adipose tissue-resident macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells modulate chronic inflammation and adipogenesis during obesity.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Obesity is one of the major healthcare challenges and socio-economic liabilities worldwide and is rapidly reaching pandemic proportions. Characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), the development of obesity is influenced by genetic, neurologic, and metabolic factors, immune activation, and behavioral activities. During obesity, AT macrophages play a central role in inflammation, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function in adipocytes. In this study, we investigated how AT resident macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) communicate to coordinate and regulate AT inflammation during obesity. Methods We performed contact mode ex-vivo co-culture of different combinations of AT resident immune cells from mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and normal diet (ND) and also 3T3-L1 adipocytes with macrophages, T cells, and DCs isolated from AT of mice fed HFD. We analyzed the expression of adiposity-associated genes, inflammatory markers, and levels of cytokines and chemokine in conditioned culture medium. We also analyzed adipogenesis and performed Oil Red O staining of co-cultured adipocytes to visualize lipid accumulation under these conditions. Results We found that macrophages from AT derived from HFD-fed mice fueled adipogenesis and inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells derived from ND AT. Macrophages f

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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