High-Tech Methods of Cytokine Imbalance Correction in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

An important mechanism for the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an imbalance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic and non-therapeutic approaches for cytokine imbalance correction in IDD either do not give the expected result, or give a short period of time. This explains the relevance of high-tech medical care, which is part of specialized care and includes the use of new resource-intensive methods of treatment with proven effectiveness. The aim of the review is to update knowledge about new high-tech methods based on cytokine imbalance correction in IDD. It demonstrates promise of new approaches to IDD management in patients resistant to previously used therapies, including: cell therapy (stem cell implantation, implantation of autologous cultured cells, and tissue engineering); genetic technologies (gene modifications, microRNA, and molecular inducers of IDD); technologies for influencing the inflammatory cascade in intervertebral discs mediated by abnormal activation of inflammasomes; senolytics; exosomal therapy; and other factors (hypoxia-induced factors; lysyl oxidase; corticostatin; etc.).

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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