How TiO₂ Nanomaterials are Emerging as Key Therapeutics in Stomatology

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Conventional treatments for oral diseases-such as cancer and tissue defects-are often limited by high invasiveness, suboptimal efficacy, and drug resistance. In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanomaterials have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic potential in the field of oral medicine. This review systematically evaluates the current applications and future prospects of TiO 2 and its reduced form (TiO 2- x ) nanomaterials across six major domains: cancer diagnosis and therapy, antibacterial treatment, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, restorative dental materials, and teeth whitening, based on an extensive literature search of databases including PubMed and Web of Science. The findings reveal that TiO 2 nanomaterials exhibit exceptional multifunctionality through various mechanisms: (1) surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates achieve 100% sensitivity and 95.83% specificity in diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma; (2) reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated antibacterial efficiency exceeds 99% against key oral pathogens; (3) modified implant surfaces show a 1.5-fold increase in bone-implant contact; and (4) the incorporation of only 0.06% TiO 2 nanoparticles enhances resin hardness by over 200%. Notably, TiO 2-x exhibits visible/near-infrared responsiveness, photothermal conversion capacity, and peroxidase-like activity, enabling 12% H 2 O 2 -based wh

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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