Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Combined With Ocimum sanctum and Tendon-Derived Extracellular Matrix Enhances Tenogenesis in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Ocimum sanctum (OS) is a medicinal plant with antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Extracellular matrix (ECM) maintains the structural stability of tissues. Hyaluronic acid (HA), which is used in hydrogel fabrication and osteochondral regeneration, increases cell viability and the expression of marker genes. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), which are a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), have self-renewing capacity and they prevent teratoma formation and promote tendon (TEN) regeneration. The aim of this study is to incorporate the phytochemical effects of Ocimum sanctum into hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds made with the MSCs in tendon ECM for increased tissue regeneration. Materials & methods Ocimum sanctum extract and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA) were prepared. An ovine tendon sample was decellularised to obtain the ECM. The study groups of HA, TEN, HA_OS, HA_TEN, and HA_OS_TEN were prepared. The presence of tendon cells was confirmed by picrosirius red staining and the hydrogel scaffolds were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling, differentiation, compression, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) compatibility analyses. Results The morphology of the samples was analysed by SEM analysis. The HA_OS_TEN sample showed the highest rate

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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