Hydrophobic insertion-based engineering of tumor cell-derived exosomes for SPECT/NIRF imaging of colon cancer.

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

• Level A · Stronger Clinical Evidence
• Level B · Emerging clinical evidence with positive signals
• Level C · Early human research exploring benefits
• Level D · Scientific groundwork from lab and animal studies
• Emerging · Emerging topic under active research

Abstract (original English)

Background Tumor cell-derived exosomes (TEx) have emerged as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. Noninvasive multimodality imaging for tracing the in vivo trafficking of TEx may accelerate their clinical translation. In this study, we developed a TEx-based nanoprobe via hydrophobic insertion mechanism and evaluated its performance in dual single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of colon cancer. Results TEx were successfully isolated from HCT116 supernatants, and their membrane vesicle structure was confirmed by TEM. The average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of TEx were 110.87 ± 4.61 nm and -9.20 ± 0.41 mV, respectively. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry findings confirmed the high tumor binding ability of TEx. The uptake rate of 99m Tc-TEx-Cy7 by HCT116 cells increased over time, reaching 14.07 ± 1.31% at 6 h of co-incubation. NIRF and SPECT imaging indicated that the most appropriate imaging time was 18 h after the injection of 99m Tc-TEx-Cy7 when the tumor uptake (1.46% ± 0.06% ID/g) and tumor-to-muscle ratio (8.22 ± 0.65) peaked. Compared with radiolabeled adipose stem cell derived exosomes ( 99m Tc-AEx-Cy7), 99m Tc-TEx-Cy7 exhibited a significantly higher tumor accumulation in tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion Hydrophobic insertion-based engineering of TEx may represent a promising approach to devel

Evidence level

Evidence from laboratory and animal studies provides groundwork for understanding mechanisms and potential before human studies continue.

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